VPS vs Dedicated Server Hosting Service

Do you know the difference between virtual private server VPS vs dedicated server ? To know it, first of all read about it individually.

Dedicated Web Hosting

Often simply referred to as dedicated server, dedicated hosting is one of the most common types of web hosting available today.  This service arrangement involves a customer leasing service on a monthly or yearly basis and receiving an entire server for their needs.
Unlike shared hosting, which literally requires you to share a physical machine and its resources with other users, a dedicated server is made exclusive to a single customer.  This means you are guaranteed tremendous amounts of bandwidth, disk space, RAM and processing power, making the dedicated server one of the most stable and reliable types of service on the market.

Key Factors to Consider

The dedicated server is an entirely different animal from normal shared hosting.  For this reason, you need to consider various factors before deciding if it is the right option for you.  Here are some important factors to keep in mind:

Do You Need Dedicated Hosting?
The first thing that must be considered is whether you actually need a dedicated server.  This type of hosting is primarily designed for larger businesses or websites that experience high volumes of traffic.  A single server can efficiently run several websites, which is why shared hosting works for most customers.  If you only need a small site with text and a minimal graphics, then opting for a dedicated server will simply bring on unnecessary costs and technical complexities.
Being able to determine if your needs justify an entire server is something you need to ascertain before doing anything else.

Server Maintenance
Maintaining a dedicated server on a day to day basis is not necessarily an easy task.  In fact, it can be very tedious and complicated for an inexperienced administrator.  The configurations and management tasks you perform in this environment are far more extensive than what goes on with your typical shared hosting account.  This is why you should have some IT resources handy if you do not possess the abilities to manage the server.  If not, you will have a very difficult time keeping your business up and running.

Managed or Unmanaged?

When shopping for a dedicated server, it is vital to know that this type of hosting comes in two forms: managed and unmanaged.  The latter essentially gives you the server as is.  You pay the provider on a predetermined schedule and in exchange, receive the hardware, internet bandwidth, general physical maintenance, and that's about it.  While the server may come with an operating system and c ontrol panel, everything else rests on your shoulders.

In its full form, a managed dedicated server is more like shared hosting, meaning the provider takes care of all the technical aspects while you simply manage your account.  Though more expensive, this option is perfect for companies who lack the time or experience needed to maintain their server.
Conclusion
Choosing a dedicated server is a big step and one that calls for you to consider a number of factors.   Aside from accessing your needs, you must also focus on selecting a hosting firm that can provide a reliable service.  Only then can you truly benefit from what a dedicated server has to offer.

VPS Web Hosting

Introduction to VPS Web Hosting

The VPS represents one of the most talked about technologies in the IT world – virtualization.  Short for virtual private server, a VPS is created with special software that partitions and simulates multiple computers within a single physical computer.  While it is a hot topic today, the concept it uses is not.  In fact, corporations partitioned mainframe computer systems back in the 1960s for the better utilization of hardware, which is the same goal virtualization strives to meet.   This makes the technology perfectly suited for the server dependent web hosting industry.

The unique aspect of a VPS environment is that each virtual server is isolated and contained within its own private area of the hardware.  Each container can run its own operating system, web services, and applications, giving it the look and feel of a standalone physical server.  The distinct advantages this environment offers make VPS hosting an ideal choice for those who demand more power and flexibility.

Advantages of VPS Hosting

A virtual private server can benefit you in a number of ways.  Some of the most noteworthy include the following:
Cost Effectiveness – VPS hosting is usually much cheaper than a dedicated server, which could easily cost you more than $100 every month.  Because the host is making more efficient use of the hardware and its resources, they are able to offer a more affordable service without asking you to sacrifice on quality.
Better Security – One of the main reasons customers choose a VPS is because it tends to offer far better security than shared hosting.  This is because your private server is isolated and protected from potential security issues that stem from other customers on the machine.  While a dedicated server provides the best overall protection, a VPS is the next best option.

Extensive Administrative Control – A VPS is similar to a dedicated server in many ways.  The most important is the tremendous level of flexibility and control it grants.  With root access to the server, you can install and run your own custom software applications, make various configurations, and even reboot the system.  This freedom makes VPS hosting a very attractive option for developers and others who demand control in a reliable environment.
VPS Hosting Considerations
VPS hosting can provide many benefits, but there are some drawbacks that need to be considered.  Because this environment is similar in many ways to that of a dedicated server, it generally requires that you possess a certain level of technical skill in order to maintain your account effectively.  It is also important to know that even though you are isolated in your own container, you are still forced to share hardware resources with other uses. This essentially means that you are confined to the disk space, memory and CPU limitations of the hardware.  For this reason, VPS hosting may not be suitable for high traffic websites and mission-critical applications that demand superior performance.

VPS Hosting vs. Dedicated Server

Shared hosting is just not suitable for the needs of many website owners.  These are individuals and businesses who cannot afford to endure the security, stability and performance issues that have been known to come along with this environment.  Those with more demanding needs are often best suited for a dedicated server or virtual private server, more commonly known as VPS.
So what's the difference and how do you choose between the two?  First, you need to make sure your goals are clearly defined.  What do you plan to accomplish with your website?  Will it simply be a static site full of articles or photos?  If so, you may not need a VPS or dedicated server at all.  Besides, most sites are hosted on a shared server, so this is certainly an option you want to keep open.  However, if your plans stem far beyond this, then it may be time to consider a more robust solution.  Once you have established this, making a decision becomes much easier.

Key Shared Qualities

A dedicated server and VPS share many common qualities.  Both give you a tremendous level of control when it comes to customizing your hosting environment.  For example, you typically have root access to the server, which allows you to perform various configurations, install custom software applications, and reboot the system.  These are lu xuries you do not get in the shared hosting environment.
A dedicated and virtual private server also provide you with a fixed amount of resources, the former can just give you considerably more.  RAM, disk space, bandwidth and other resources are made exclusive to you, unlike in the shared hosting arrangement where they are shared with other users.  This factor makes these two types of web hosting very similar in terms of performance as each are far more stable than sharing hosting.

Key Differences

Before making a decision, you should know a little more about virtual private servers.
A VPS essentially resides on the same hardware as other virtual servers.  It is not a physical server, but a virtual entity that is simulated within the physical hardware using specialized virtualization software.  Thus, even though a VPS often looks and feels like a standalone dedicated server, it is actually running on a shared server.
The unique quality of virtualization technology is that the software isolates these virtual containers into their own separate compartments, making it so that they have no impact on one another.
The obvious drawback to a virtual private server is that it offers a smaller amount of critical hardware resources.  This is because there are divided amongst a number of other partitions on the  physical machine.  As far as choosing goes, these resources should be one of the major decision drivers.  Look at this way – a VPS hosting package may offer about 512 MB of RAM, but a dedicated server can provide up to 2 GB and often more.  This is a tremendous difference that can have an impact on many of your services and processes.
When it comes to scalability, performance, security and overall reliability, a dedicated server is the clear cut winner.  This type of hosting is ideal for large content-rich community sites, high traffic e-commerce applications, or any site that involves mission-critical operations.  These are website owners who cannot afford to suffer from the potential issues a VPS hosting environment presents.  On the other hand, if your web presence has yet to grow to the point where it warrants an entire server, going virtual could be the solution that provides a happy medium.  Once your site grows in popularity and attracts more visitors, you can then migrate over to a dedicated server to meet that demand.

Price Factor

A VPS hosting plan is often considerably cheaper than leasing a dedicated server, with some packages costing as low as $20.00.  When factoring in that it can provide many of the same benefits, you could say it really delivers great value. Virtual private servers are a big hit among software developers because it gives them a more reliable environment to run their applications while small business enjoy the added dose of power they lacked in their shared hosting environment.  For large companies however, price isn't a primary concern, as they require the most reliable solution possible.
These factors should all be considered when choosing between VPS and dedicated hosting.  Taking them into account will help to ensure a smoother deployment of whatever type of server you decide on.

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Creating or editing files is one of the most common tasks that system admins perform every day. In this tutorial we are going to show you how to create and edit files on a Linux VPS.

Before we start, connect to your server via SSH and make sure that you are familiar with your environment. For that purpose, you can use the basic shell commands which were explained in one of our earlier blog posts. For example, you can create a new directory using the mkdir command and navigate to that directory. Once you are navigated to the newly created directory, create your first file using the touch command.

  touch new_file  

The command above will create an empty file named new_file and you can use that file for testing purposes. To edit the file and add some content to it you can use a text editor. There are many text editors which you can use, but nano is very suitable for beginners. Our recommendation is to use nano as an text editor to modify your files until you become more familiar with the others. In case you do not have nano installed on your system, you can use the command below to install the program:

On a CentOS VPS:

  sudo yum install nano  

On a an Ubuntu VPS:

  sudo apt-get install nano  

Now, to open and edit the file you have previously created you can use the following command:

  nano new_file  

Enter some random text:

  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Illud dico, ea, quae dicat, praeclare inter se cohaerere. Nam aliquando posse recte fieri dicunt nulla expectata nec quaesita voluptate.  

To save and close the file you should press CTRL + X and then Y. In case you do not like to save the changes you should press N after CTRL + X.

Now that you have a test file with content on your server, lets see the content. There are many methods to see the content of a file, but by far the easiest method is to use the cat command.

  cat new_file  

Using the cat command you can do many other things. For example, using the cat command you can concatenate multiple files together or append text to an already existing file. For more information you can read the Linux man page for cat.

If you like to remove the file you created and used for testing purposes, you can use the rm command. The basic syntax is:

  rm new_file  

Once you execute the command you will be prompted to confirm that you like to remove the file. You can confirm by pressing Y. If you changed your mind, press N.

Of course you don't have to do any of this if you use one of our Linux VPS hosting services, in which case you can simply ask our expert Linux admins to help you with any aspect of using your server. They are available 24×7 and will take care of your request immediately.

PS. If you liked this post please share it with your friends on the social networks using the buttons on the left or simply leave a reply below. Thanks.

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LOS ANGELES, Aug. eight, 2016 - — Leading Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) supplier Infinitely Virtual announced today that HostReview has ranked the company one of many "Top 10 Hosts" within the Best VPS Internet hosting class for Aug. (http://www.hostreview.com/awards/month-to-month/vps-hosting/2016/Aug.).The publication's employees intently monitors quite a lot of elements to determine the businesses that it recommends to its readers. The Top 10 Net Internet hosting Awards are based mostly on the general product providing, value, customer support & users' critiques of the chosen corporations.  "Infinitely Virtual is within the Top 10 lists this month due to both current developments at the company & its well-earned reputation for high quality," the publication noted.  Since 1998, HostReview has been a premier useful resource for the hosting business.  The web site offers a complete company directory & repeatedly up to date sections with news sour ce & articles.  Earlier this yr, HostReview ranked Infinitely Virtual sixth among the many numerous players within the cloud internet hosting space for 2016, in its Best Cloud Computing Suppliers Awards (http://www.hostreview.com/awards/2015/cloud-service).  The company completed ahead of Amazon Net Services, Microsoft Azure & Google."This can be a ringing endorsement of both our IaaS model & our ongoing dedication to offering our VPS customers with superlative service," stated Adam Stern, founder & Chief Executive Officer, Infinitely Virtual. …

Read more on this matter…HostReview Ranks Infinitely Virtual Among Top 10 Virtual Private Server Hosting Providers

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Today we will show you how to install X2CRM on an Ubuntu 16.04 VPS using Apache web-server and MySQL database.

X2CRM is an open source marketing, sales, and customer service CRM application powered by an easy to use workflow engine and process management framework. Manage your clients with an endlessly customizable, powerful app, and boost your productivity like never before. It is fairly easy to install X2CRM on an Ubuntu 16.04 VPS. The installation process should take about 5-10 minutes if you follow the very easy steps described below.

At the time of writing this tutorial, X2CRM 6.0.3. is the latest stable version available and it requires:

– Apache web server;
– PHP (version 5.3.2 or higher) along with the mbstring, curl, zip, gd and mcrypt extensions. They are most generally active by default on a standard php installation.
– MySQL(version 5.0.7 or higher) installed on your Linux VPS;

INSTRUCTIONS:

Login to your VPS via SSH

  ssh user@vps  

Update the system

  [user]$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y upgrade  

Install MariaDB 10.0

To install MariaDB, run the following command:

  [user]$ sudo apt-get install -y mariadb-server  

Next, we need to create a database for our X2CRM installation.

  [user]$ mysql -u root -p    MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE x2crm;  MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON x2crm.* TO 'x2crmuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your-password';  MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;  MariaDB [(none)]> \q  

Do not forget to replace 'your-password' with a strong password.

Install Apache2 web server

  [user]$ sudo apt-get install apache2  

Install PHP and required PHP modules

To install the latest stable version of PHP version 7 and all necessary modules, run:

  [user]$ sudo apt-get install php7.0 libapache2-mod-php7.0 php7.0-mbstring php7.0-curl php7.0-zip php7.0-gd php7.0-mysql php7.0-mcrypt  

Enable the Apache2 rewrite module if it is not already done:

  [user]$ sudo a2enmod rewrite  

In order to activate the new configuration, restart the Apache web server using the following command:

  [user]$ sudo service apache2 restart  

Download and extract the latest version of X2CRM on your server:

  [user]$ sudo cd /opt && wget https://github.com/X2Engine/X2Engine/archive/master.zip  [user]$ sudo unzip master.zip  [user]$ sudo mv X2CRM-master/x2engine/ /var/www/html/x2crm  

All files have to be readable by the web server, so we need to set a proper ownership

  [user]$ sudo chown www-data:www-data -R /var/www/html/x2crm/  

Create a new virtual host directive in Apache. For example, create a new Apache configuration file named 'x2crm.conf' on your virtual server:

  [user]$ sudo touch /etc/apache2/sites-available/x2crm.conf  [user]$ sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/x2crm.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/x2crm.conf  [user]$ sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/x2crm.conf  

Then, add the following lines:

  <VirtualHost *:80>  ServerAdmin admin@yourdomain.com  DocumentRoot /var/www/html/x2crm/  ServerName your-domain.com  ServerAlias www.your-domain.com  <Directory /var/www/html/x2crm/>  Options FollowSymLinks  AllowOverride All  Order allow,deny  allow from all  </Directory>  ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/your-domain.com-error_log  CustomLog /var/log/apache2/your-domain.com-access_log common  </VirtualHost>  

Restart the Apache web server for the changes to take effect:

  [user]$ sudo service apache2 restart  

Open your favorite web browser, navigate to http://your-domain.com/ and if you configured everything correctly the X2CRM installer should be starting. You should follow the easy instructions on the install screen inserting the necessary information as requested.

That is it. The X2CRM installation is now complete.

Of course you don't have to do any of this if you use one of our Linux VPS Hosting services, in which case you can simply ask our expert Linux admins to install X2CRM for you. They are available 24×7 and will take care of your request immediately.

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SOURCE Infinitely Virtual

Monthly Web Host Awards Recognize Leading IaaS Company for Excellence in VPS Hosting

LOS ANGELES, Aug. 8, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- Leading Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provider Infinitely Virtual announced today that HostReview has ranked the company one of the "Top 10 Hosts" in the Best VPS Hosting category for August (http://www.hostreview.com/awards/monthly/vps-hosting/2016/August).

The publication's staff closely monitors a variety of factors to determine the companies that it recommends to its readers. The Top 10 Web Hosting Awards are based on the overall product offering, value, customer service and users' reviews of the selected companies.  

"Infinitely Virtual is in the Top 10 lists this month because of both recent developments at the company and its well-earned reputation for quality," the publication noted.  Since 1998, HostReview has been a premier resource for the web hosting industry.  The website offers a comprehensive company directory and regularly updated sections with news and articles.  Earlier this year, HostReview ranked Infinitely Virtual 6th among the various players in the cloud hosting space for 2016, in its Best Cloud Computing Providers Awards (http://www.hostreview.com/awards/2015/cloud-service).  The company finished ahead of Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure and Google.

"This is a ringing endorsement of both our IaaS model and our ongoing commitment to providing our VPS customers with superlative service," said Adam Stern, founder and CEO, Infinitely Virtual.  "In every solution we offer, we think of the real-world issues that confront small and midsize businesses as they migrate to and operate in the cloud.  In our view, this partnership orientation lies behind our success in the market."

The company's Virtual Dedicated Servers, which rely on Infinitely Virtual's unique server hosting technology, offer the best of VPS and dedicated server hosting.  Each virtual dedicated server behaves just like a dedicated server, typically at a dramatic discount over competing solutions.

For additional information on the company, visit www.infinitelyvirtual.com.

About Infinitely Virtual
Infinitely Virtual is a leading provider of high quality and affordable Cloud Server technology, capable of delivering services to any type of business, via terminal servers, SharePoint servers and SQL servers – all based on Cloud Servers. Named to the Talkin' Cloud 100 as one of the industry's premier hosting providers, Infinitely Virtual has earned the highest rating of "Enterprise-Ready™" in Skyhigh Networks' CloudTrust™ Program for four of its offerings -- Cloud Server Hosting, InfiniteVault, InfiniteProtect and Virtual Terminal Server. The company recently took the #1 spot in HostReview's Ranking of VPS hosting providers.  Infinitely Virtual was established as a subsidiary of Altay Corporation, and through this partnership, Infinitely Virtual provides customers with expert 24×7 technical support.  More information about Infinitely Virtual can be found at: http://www.infinitelyvirtual.com, @iv_cloudhosti ng, or call 866-257-8455.

Media Contact:
Ken Greenberg
Edge Communications, Inc.
323-469-3397
ken@edgecommunicationsinc.com

Logo- http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20160805/396125LOGO

To view the original version on PR Newswire, visit:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hostreview-ranks-infinitely-virtual-among-top-10-virtual-private-server-hosting-providers-300310068.html

©2016 PR Newswire. All Rights Reserved.

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While cloud services providers like Amazon and Google have garnered a great deal of favor in enterprise markets, their byzantine billing systems makes using these services far from straightforward for small to medium businesses, developers working on their own projects, and users with more general computing resource needs.

However, the growing cloud virtual private server (VPS) market has a host of options that may fit their needs better. These cloud service providers offer the ability to quickly bring up servers (optionally, with preconfigured apps) while providing a better value for the money than Amazon and Google.

1. DigitalOcean

Although DigitalOcean was founded in 2011, they are a favorite of developers due to their extremely straightforward billing system and simple API. According to Netcraft, they are second only to Amazon EC2 in terms of web-facing computers.

DigitalOcean has data centers in New York, San Francisco, Amsterdam, Singapore, London, Frankfurt, Toronto, and Bangalore. Users have the option of Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, Fedora, CoreOS, and FreeBSD, as well as dozens of deployable application images on top of Ubuntu 14.04, including content management software such as Drupal, Joomla, and MediaWiki, and NoSQL database packages Mongo, Cassandra, and Redis.

Video: CXOs sound off on the critical challenges facing IoT, big data, and the cloud (ZDNet)

Of the nine available pricing tiers, DigitalOcean's entry-level offering provides 512 MB RAM and one processor core, combined with 20 GB SSD storage and 1 TB transfer for $5 per month. The company's most popular plan, though, provides 2 GB RAM, two processor cores, 40 GB SSD storage and 3 TB transfer for $20 per month. For all plans, automated weekly backups add 20% to the cost of the server instance. DigitalOcean also provides block storage for $0.10 per GB, per month.

2. Scaleway

Scaleway (a division of Online.net) is in a slightly different category. They offer microserver deployments in addition to standard VPS options, all from their facilities in Paris. Users have the option of Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS, and Fedora (as with DigitalOcean), as well as OpenSUSE, Alpine Linux, Gentoo, or Arch. The available deployable images skew toward European software trends—while WordPress is available, Serendipity is as well. Other options that have gained more traction in Europe include Prestashop, Cozy, and Syncthing. Additionally, OpenVPN and Minecraft server image deployments are also available.

Scaleway's debut offering, the C1 ARM microserver, offers a quad-core ARMv7 CPU, 2 GB RAM, 50 GB of SSD storage, and a 200 Mbit/s unmetered internet connection for €2.99 per month ($3.33 USD). For those who prefer, or have dependencies on, x86-64, the VC1S VPS option provides the same specifications with 2 x86-64 CPU cores for €2.99 per month, with additional processor cores and RAM available in VC1M and VC1L packages.

In a price comparison with DigitalOcean's aforementioned "most popular" plan at $20/month, the dedicated "C2M" option provides 8 dedicated x86-64 CPU cores, 16 GB RAM, and 50 GB SSD, with 500 Mbit/sec unmetered internet connectivity for €17.99 ($20.00) per month. This is far more raw resources than what DigitalOcean provides—a DigitalOcean instance with eight CPU cores and 16 GB RAM is $160 per month. However, the connection bandwidth metering (rather than transfer metering) may be a significant downside for some.

Of particular interest and importance is Scaleway's block storage pricing. Storage is available in 50 GB units for €1 per month, each. Oddly, volumes are limited to a maximum size of 150 GB, though with a maximum of 15 volumes per server, a total of 2250 GB. Once again, this is a bargain compared to DigitalOcean.

3. Linode

Having launched in 2003, Linode is the senior player in this market. The company has four US datacenters, as well as facilities in London, Frankfurt, Tokyo, and Singapore. Linode supports much of the same Linux distributions previously mentioned, as well as Slackware (for some reason). Users willing to jump through a few hoops can install any custom distribution of their choice. Linode does not offer one-click application deployment, though their StackScripts repository is available to ease application deployment.

SEE: Ethics policy: Vendor relationships (Tech Pro Research)

While Linode does not have a VPS tier below $10, their available tiers are particularly competitive. As part of a celebration of their 13th year, the amount of RAM included in each tier was increased. The entry level tier offers a single x86-64 processor core, 2 GB RAM, 24 GB SSD, and 2 TB transfer, for $10 per month, and double all of those values (except transfer, which increases to 3 TB) for $20 per month. Backups add 25% to the cost of the server. For applications (particularly, databases) which have high memory requirements, Linode is a compelling option.

4. Vultr

Relative to the three aforementioned VPS providers, Vultr's focus is on flexibility. The company offers the ability to use Windows Server, in addition to Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, CoreOS, and FreeBSD. It is also possible to upload an ISO of your favored distribution rather than use the available images. Vultur also has more data centers—instances can be deployed in Seattle, Silicon Valley, Los Angeles, Dallas, Miami, Atlanta, New Jersey, Chicago, London, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Paris, Tokyo, and Sydney.

While Linode's pricing structure offers more RAM compared to DigitalOcean, Vultr offers more SSD space on average. Vultur's $20 plan includes 5GB more storage than DigitalOcean, though the other specs are the same. Like DigitalOcean, block storage is available for $0.10 per GB, per month.

What's your view?

Do you use one of these providers? Do you prefer to stick with commercial scale providers like Amazon and Google for VPS hosting? Share your deployment strategies and experiences in the comments.

Also see

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Apache Tomcat (previously known as Jakarta Tomcat) or simply Tomcat, is an open source web server and servlet container developed by the Apache Software Foundation. It executes Java servlets and renders Web pages that include Java Server Page coding and it is one of the most popular web servers used by the java developers.
In this article we will install the latest release of Tomcat 9 server on an Ubuntu 16.04 VPS. This tutorial should work on other Debian based systems as well but was tested and written for Ubuntu 16.04
First of all login to your Ubuntu 16.04 VPS via SSH as user root

  ssh root@IP_address  

and start a new screen session

  screen -U -S tomcat9  

To update all packages installed on your server run the following command in the terminal

  apt-get update && apt-get upgrade  

In order to run Tomcat server, Java has to be installed on the VPS. Execute the following command to install the Java Development Kit package (JDK)

  apt-get install default-jdk  

After the installation is completed, You can check the Java installed on your server using the command below

  java -version  

If you receive an output similar to the one above, the installation is successful.

  openjdk version "1.8.0_91"  OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_91-8u91-b14-0ubuntu4~16.04.1-b14)  OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.91-b14, mixed mode)  

Once Java is installed on the server, we will proceed installing Tomcat 9.

For security reasons it is not recommended to run Tomcat as user root, so we will create a new system user

  useradd -r tomcat9 --shell /bin/false  

Change the current working directory to /opt and download the latest Tomcat 9 release to the /opt directory on your server. At the moment of writing this tutorial Tomcat version 9.0.0.M6 is the latest one. You should go to Tomcat's official website and check if a newer version is available.

  cd /opt  wget http://mirror.symnds.com/software/Apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.0.M9/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M9.tar.gz  

Extract the content of the 'apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M6.tar.gz' tarball archive

  tar -zxf apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M6.tar.gz  

Create a symbolic link of the Tomcat directory to /opt/tomcat-latest and set the appropriate ownership:

  ln -s apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M6 tomcat-latest  chown -hR tomcat9: tomcat-latest apache-tomcat-9.0.0.M6  

Tomcat can be started, stopped and restarted using the bash scripts located in the /opt/tomcat-latest/bin directory or even better, we will create a systemd init file for that purpose

  nano /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service  

and add the following content to the file

  [Unit]  Description=Tomcat9  After=network.target    [Service]  Type=forking  User=tomcat9  Group=tomcat9    Environment=CATALINA_PID=/opt/tomcat-latest/tomcat9.pid  Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-amd64  Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/opt/tomcat-latest  Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/opt/tomcat-latest  Environment="CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m"  Environment="JAVA_OPTS=-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Dnet.sf.ehcache.skipUpdateCheck=true -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled -XX:+UseParNewGC"    ExecStart=/opt/tomcat-latest/bin/startup.sh  ExecStop=/opt/tomcat-latest/bin/shutdown.sh    [Install]  WantedBy=multi-user.target  

Save the file, reload the systemd daemon, start the Tomcat server and enable it to start on boot

  systemctl daemon-reload  systemctl start tomcat  systemctl enable tomcat  

Finally, if you closely followed the instructions in this tutorial you will be able to access Tomcat by navigating your favorite web browser to http://your_server_IP:8080

Of course you don't have to do any of this if you use one of our Linux VPS Hosting services, in which case you can simply ask our expert Linux admins to install Tomcat 9 for you. They are available 24×7 and will take care of your request immediately.

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In April 2016, security firm Trend Micro published a damning report about a Web hosting provider referred to only as a "cyber-attack facilitator in the Netherlands." If the Trend analysis lacked any real punch that might have been because — shortly after the report was published — names were redacted so that it was no longer immediately clear who the bad hosting provider was. This post aims to shine a bit more light on the individuals apparently behind this mysterious rogue hosting firm — a company called HostSailor[dot]com.

The Trend report observes that the unnamed, Netherlands-based virtual private sever (VPS) hosting provider appears to have few legitimate customers, and that the amount of abuse emanating from it "is so staggering that this company will remain on our watchlist in the next few months."

What exactly is the awfulness spewing from the company that Trend takes great pains not to name as HostSailor.com? For starters, according to Trend's data (PDF) HostSailor has long been a home for attacks tied to a Russian cyber espionage campaign dubbed "Pawn Storm." From the report:

"Pawn Storm seems to feel quite at home. They used the VPS hosting company for at least 80 attacks since May 2015. Their attacks utilized C&C servers, exploit sites, spear-phishing campaigns, free Webmail phishing sites targeting high profile users, and very specific credential phishing sites against Government agencies of countries like Bulgaria, Greece, Malaysia, Montenegro, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Ukraine, and United Arab Emirates. Pawn Storm also uses the VPS provider in the Netherlands for domestic espionage in Russia regularly."

"Apart from Pawn Storm, a less sophisticated group of threat actors called DustySky (PDF link added) is using the VPS provider. These actors target Israel, companies who do business in Israel, Egypt and some other Middle Eastern governments."

WHO IS HOSTSAILOR?

Trend's report on HostSailor points to a LinkedIn profile for an Alexander Freeman at HostSailor who lists his location as Dubai. HostSailor's Web site says the company has servers in The Netherlands and in Romania, and that it is based in Dubai. The company first came online in early 2013.

Ron Guilmette, an anti-spam researcher who tipped me off to the Trend report and whose research has been featured several times on this blog, reached out to Freeman via email. Guilmette later posted at the Ripe.net mailing list the vitriolic and threatening response he said he received in reply.

Perhaps Mr. Freeman's ire was previously leveled at Trend Micro, which could explain their redaction of the name "HostSailor" from its report. A spokesperson for Trend Micro declined to explain why the company redacted its own report post-publication, saying only that "at the time of publication, we were following our standard disclosure protocol."

In any case, I began to suspect that "Alexander Freeman" was just a pseudonym (Trend noted this suspicion in its report as well). In combing through the historic WHOIS registration records for the domain hostsailor.com, I noticed that the domain name changed hands sometime in late 2012. Sure enough, a simple Google search popped up this thread at Webhostingtalk.com back in Dec. 2012, which was started by a Jordan Peterson who says he's looking to sell hostsailor.com.

Contacted by KrebsOnSecurity, Mr. Peterson said the person who responded about purchasing the domain was named Ali Al-Attiyah, and that this individual used the following email addresses:

ali.alattiyah@yahoo.com
ali.alattiyah@mail.com
hostsailor@hush.com

"I remember Ali telling me he didn't have a paypal so a friend sent me the money for the domain, I looked up the paypal info for you and [Ali's friend's] name is Khalid Cook, masrawyz@yahoo.com," Peterson told me. "The legal information for the domain transfer was given as:

152-160 City Road
London ec1v 2nx
UK"

That street address corresponds to a business named "yourvirtualofficelondon.co.uk," which offers call answering services for companies that wish to list a prestigious London address without actually having a physical presence there.

Ali Al-Attiyah is listed as the official registrant of hostsailor.com and several other very similar domains. More interesting, however, is that email address given for Mr. Khalid Cook: masrawyz@yahoo.com. According to a "reverse WHOIS" search ordered from DomainTools.com, that Yahoo email address was used in the original registration records for exactly one domain: santrex.net.

Santrex (better known on Webhostingtalk.com as "Scamtrex") was an extremely dodgy "bulletproof hosting" company — essentially a mini-ISP that specializes in offering services that are largely immune from takedown requests and pressure from Western law enforcement agencies. At the time, Google's Safebrowsing database warned that almost 90 percent of the sites on Santrex's network were attempting to foist malicious software on visitors or were hosting malware used in online attacks.

Santrex was forced out of business in early 2013, after the company's core servers were massively hacked and the PayPal and credit card accounts it used to accept payments from customers were reportedly seized by unknown parties. In its final days as a hosting provider, Santrex's main voice on Webhostingtalk.com — a user named "khalouda" — posted many rants that eerily echo the invective leveled at Guilmette by HostSailor's Mr. Freeman.

WHO IS KHALID COOK?

I began to suspect that Khalid Cook may also be a pseudonym. A few minutes of digging online unearthed this February 2013 Santrex profile at gidforums[dot]net, which states that Santrex first appeared in 2001 as a hosting company called connectpower[dot]net.

Alas, the original WHOIS registration records for connectpower[dot]net indicate that it was registered November 2001 to a Khalid Hemida, an individual who gave a physical address in Egypt and the email address botland@masrawy.com. This archive.org cache of connectpower[dot]net's "Staff" page seems to confirm the organization's presence in Egypt, saying ConnectPower customers living in Egypt can pay through one of the staff members, in cash. This page also reveals Hemida's ICQ number.

A Google search on Khalid Hemida turns up at least two different connectpower[dot]net business listings which include the email address khalidhemida@hotmail.com, and which claim the Web site "botland.org."

That Hotmail address appears to have been used to register a Facebook account for a user from Doha, Qatar who registered under the name Khalid Hemida but who is now using the name "Karam Khalid." The account's profile picture apparently was lifted from an issue of BusinessWeek, according to the image search service Tineye.com. A different Khalid Hemida account on Facebook belongs to an older individual who says he's from Egypt and that his current town is Dubai.

But what of that "botland" reference — both the botland@masrawy.com address claimed by Hemida and the domain botland[dot]org? This cached page of botland[dot]org recorded by the Internet Archive in June 2011 references "an automated BotLending Channel," run by at least four main users from Romania.

Botland was a channel on Undernet, a vast sea of text-based communities called Internet Relay Chat (IRC) networks. Botland was a place where people could download special bots designed to manage users and preserve order on an IRC server, but mainly to guard the channel from being hijacked by other users or bots. The reason I mention it is that Undernet in 2001 would have been the perfect place to meet new customers seeking dodgy Web hosting businesses.

To bring this full circle back to the Trend Report: I should note that if HostSailor is being truthful about where the company is incorporated — in Dubai — then it has long been facilitating the aforementioned Pawn Storm cyber espionage attacks against its own host country. For that reason, I imagine some government authorities within the United Arab Emirates might be interested in looking more closely into HostSailor and its operations.

For the record, I requested comment from HostSailor and from the various addresses listed in this story for Messrs. Freeman, Cook and Hemida. I'll update this story in the event that any of these pings generate a reply.

Tags: botland@masrawy.com, connectpower.net, DomainTools.com, HostSailor, HostSailor.com, IRC, Karam Khalid, Khalid Cook, Khalid Hemida, khalidhemida@hotmail.com, masrawyz@yahoo.com, Pawn Storm, Ron Guilmette, Santrex, Scamtrex, trend micro, Undernet, vps, webhostingtalk.com, yourvirtualofficelondon.co.uk

This entry was posted on Wednesday, August 3rd, 2016 at 11:38 am and is filed under A Little Sunshine, Breadcrumbs. You can follow any comments to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can skip to the end and leave a comment. Pinging is currently not allowed.

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All businesses need websites, but getting started can be daunting. Sure, you could just communicate with your customers via Facebook, but if you're serious about doing business online, you'll want to take the plunge and sign up for a top-notch Web hosting service. Bluehost does a good job of balancing price and features for businesses that need a bit of hand-holding, while also offering plenty of options to experienced administrators. Bluehost lacks some features offered by the top services, Dreamhost and HostGator, but it's a solid service that's worth checking out.

Shared Web Hosting Packages
Bluehost doesn't offer month-to-month shared hosting options. Instead, it requires you to sign up for an annual plan. If you sign up for a two-year or three-year plan, you get discounts. If you commit to staying put for three years, the service's $3.95 per month rate is attractive. That said, those who don't want lengthy commitments will probably prefer HostGator's month-to-month options.

Bluehost's offerings are identical to HostMonster's, right down to the names of its shared Web hosting plans. Of course, the fact that Bluehost and HostMonster have the same parent company—Endurance International Group—may have something to do with that. Endurance International also owns FastDomain and iPage.

The Starter shared hosting package (from $5.99 per month with a one-year contract) includes a free domain name that you can keep as long as you use Bluehost, free domain name transfer, 100GB of storage, unlimited monthly data transfers, and the ability to host a single website. The Plus package (starting at $9.99 per month with a one-year contract) adds an antispam tool as well as unlimited storage, websites, and mailboxes. The Business Pro package (starting at $19.99 per month with a one-year contract) tops all of Bluehost's shared hosting plans with a dedicated IP address, an SSL certificate, site backup, and two antispam applications. There are a lot of options, which is great, but every time I log in to Bluehost, I'm shown an ad to purchase another service or add-on. That's annoying.

HostGator, the Editors' Choice for shared hosting, gives small- and medium-sized businesses room to expand their Web presences without the aggressive upselling. The Linux- or Windows-based Hatchling plan (starting at $7.17 per month) offers unlimited disk space, bandwidth databases, and email addresses, plus support for one domain and third-party applications, such as content management systems and e-commerce platforms. HostGator's Baby plan (starting at $7.96 per month) builds on the Hatchling offering by adding unlimited domains. The top-tier Business plan (starting at $11.96 per month) includes highly specialized options, such as a free toll-free phone number and a private SSL certificate. HostGator has a well-rounded shared Web hosting package.

Virtual Private Servers
If you need more power, expect high volumes of traffic, or have specific compliance requirements that prevent you from using shared servers, Bluehost's virtual private server (or VPS) options are worth considering.

Bluehost offers four tiers of Linux-based VPS hosting, ranging from the $29.99 per month Standard (30GB of storage, 2GB of memory, and 1TB of monthly data transfers) to the $119.99 per month Ultimate (240GB of storage, 8GB of memory, 4TB of monthly data transfers). As with the shared Web hosting plans, VPS hosting plans include discounts for longer-term contracts. Unfortunately, Bluehost doesn't offer Windows-based VPS.

Those are attractive plans, but Hostwinds—the Editors' Choice for VPS hosting—beats out Bluehost with packages that include unlimited monthly data transfers and Linux- or Windows-based server options. Don't underestimate the importance of a Windows server option. If you plan to build (or migrate) a site built on an ASP.NET framework, you'll appreciate Hostwinds's Windows-based VPS offerings.

Dedicated Servers
Bluehost has many dedicated server configurations, too. The servers start at $149 per month and can be outfitted with a Linux operating system and up to 1TB of hard drive space, 16GB of RAM, and 15TB of data transfers per month—the same specs as HostMonster. Those are solid numbers, but Arvixe$3.20 at Arvixe - Shared—the PCMag Editors' Choice for dedicated Web hosting—one-ups Bluehost with a choice of Linux and Windows operating systems and unlimited monthly data transfers.

WordPress Hosting
If you're looking to create a WordPress-powered website, consider Bluehost's four Linux-based packages: Blogger ($24.99 per month with a one-year contract), Professional ($74.99 per month with a one-year contract), Business ($119.99 per month with a one-year contract), and Enterprise ($169.99 per month with a one-year contract). These plans are of the managed WordPress variety, which means that Bluehost performs automatic site backups and protects your installation with WordPress-specifc security.

Bluehost doesn't require you to install the content management system, as it comes preinstalled. Once you're logged into WordPress, you can create posts, pages, and galleries as you would with any other self-hosted WordPress site.

Bluehost caps your site's traffic based on the number of visitors, but the caps are removed if you sign up for the high-end Enterprise plan. The Web host's storage starts at 30GB and tops out at 250GB.

1&1, the PCMag Editors' Choice for WordPress hosting, has no such traffic caps at any hosting tier. It also boasts a choice of Linux- and Windows-based servers, and a curated list of recommended WordPress themes and plug-ins.

Bluehost also lets you set up non-managed WordPress sites. When you click the control panel's WordPress icon, you're taken to the Mojo Marketplace, from which you can install the WordPress app. Like iPage, Bluehost lets you set up a fresh WordPress installation or directly import an existing one. Installation is straightforward, and you can browse through the marketplace for additional themes and applications.

Site Creation
Bluehost has a lot of tools for building sites, filtering spam, managing email, collecting site statistics, and managing domains. For building a website, you can use the WordPress content management platform, create a website using Weebly (an excellent website-builder), upload files using FTP or File Manager, or use the goMobi Mobile Web builder if you bought the add-on. Weeby's drag-and-drop functionality let me quickly build an attractive page complete with slideshows, contact forms, social media links, and more. Weebly's free version gives you basic functionality (you can create six pages and add custom HTML), but upgrading to the $8.99 per month Professional tier offers even more flexibility (custom themes, password protected pages, and more). Check out the PCMag Weebly review for a deeper dive.

You can also go to the Mojo Marketplace to download other content-management systems or site builders. It's an entirely separate interface, but if you want to expand your site's capabilities, the marketplace is a good place to start. Using Bluehost's Mojo Marketplace is a similar to running sister-site iPage's marketplace.

Email
If you have a website, you will most likely eventually want email accounts. Bluehost lets you create up to 100 email addresses with its most basic plan. Other Bluehost tiers let you create unlimited email addresses. If you think you want a lot of email addresses, consider the many alternatives that let you create unlimited email addresses with the starter plans, such as Arvixe, Dreamhost, and iPage.

Setting up an email account in Bluehost is a breeze. You don't set up an account during the Web hosting sign-up process as you do with Arvixe. Instead, you click on the email accounts icon from the control panel and create email accounts one at a time. Along with setting a password, you can also assign storage quotas or leave them as unlimited. This is fine, but I really wish more providers would provide a bulk email tool similar to what Network Solutions offers.

E-Commerce
You can grab email-marketing tools such as DaDa Mail (starting at $34.95 per year), software that lets you send email-based newsletters to a subscriber list. For an online store or the ability to accept payments, you can get e-commerce applications such as Magento, ShopSite (for shopping cart software), and TransFirst payment gateway. With Magento, I was able to create an attractive store by dragging and dropping website elements. Magento has more flexibility than ShopSite, but if you aren't looking for an elaborate online storefront, ShopSite's simpler interface may get you up and running faster. For small businesses, that time savings may be worth it.

I also like the fact that Bluehost supports PostgreSQL along with the more popular MySQL. This means I'm not limited to installing software that runs only with MySQL.

Security Features
Bluehost's security features are pleasantly surprising. It offers three antispam tools—Apache Spam Assassin, Spam Experts, and Spam Hammer—as well as hotlink protection. You can also create filters for email accounts and users, password-protect directories, create IP address blacklists, and manage private keys and digital certificates. I'm always pleased to see secure shell (SSH) access, because it means administrators have a secure way of accessing specific configuration files.

I'm impressed that Bluehost offers CloudFlare, which enhances performance and security features. If you want SSL on your site, or you are worried about distributed denial of service attacks against your site, CloudFlare is worth considering.

Rock-Solid Uptime
Website uptime is a vital element of the Web hosting experience. If your site goes down, clients or customers will be unable to find you or access your products or services. For this testing, I used a website monitoring tool to track my Bluehost-hosted test site's uptime over a 30-day period. Every 15 minutes, the tool pings my website and sends me an email if it is unable to contact the site for at least one minute. The data revealed that Bluehost is incredibly stable. In fact, of the Web hosting services I've reviewed, only a handful went down less often.

Customer Service
Bluehost offers 24/7 telephone support, online Web chat, a ticket-based system, and a knowledgebase—another way Bluehost is similar to HostMonster.

I tested Bluehost's Web chat on a weekday afternoon to ask about the differences between regular Web hosting and optimized WordPress hosting. The rep quickly fielded my question. He stated that optimized WordPress Web hosting has automated site backups and is designed for highly trafficked WordPress sites. I was satisfied with his response.

I called the phone support system the following morning to ask a representative about how to import my WordPress.com setup into Bluehost. A person came to my assistance in just a few seconds, and the representative walked me through the steps. That's another win for Bluehost support.

Money-Back Guarantee
Bluehost's hosting packages come with a 30-day money-back guarantee, which is standard fare in the Web hosting space. That said, Dreamhost bests it with an impressive 97-day money back guarantee.

A Decent Web Host
Bluehost is a respectable and highly stable Web host that makes setting up a website a breeze. The features and the user experience are very similar to stablemate HostMonster's, and the only reason I would suggest picking Bluehost over HostMonster is because of the former's array of security options. If you are looking for a Web host that's easy to get set up and running, however, you get far more for your money with HostGator—the PCMag Editors' Choice for novice-friendly Web hosting services. And if you want a Web host that will let you grow and that is furthermore designed for more advanced users, Dreamhost—the PCMag's other overall Editors' Choice for Web hosting services—is excellent, too.

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